Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 15, 1858-1869, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Increased intensification and total dose of cyclophosphamide in a doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide regimen for the treatment of primary breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-22
B Fisher, S Anderson, DL Wickerham, A DeCillis, N Dimitrov, E Mamounas, N Wolmark, R Pugh, JN Atkins, FJ Meyers, N Abramson, J Wolter, RS Bornstein, L Levy, EH Romond, V Caggiano, M Grimaldi, P Jochimsen and P Deckers
PURPOSE: The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP)
initiated a randomized trial (B-22) to determine if intensifying but
maintaining the total dose of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Oncology, Princeton, NJ) in a doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Pharmacia,
Kalamazoo, MI)-cyclophosphamide combination (AC), or if intensifying and
increasing the total dose of cyclophosphamide improves the outcome of women
with primary breast cancer and positive axillary nodes. PATIENTS AND
METHODS: Patients (N = 2,305) were randomized to receive either four
courses of standard AC therapy (group 1); intensified therapy, in which the
same total dose of cyclophosphamide was administered in two courses (group
2); or intensified and increased therapy, in which the total dose of
cyclophosphamide was doubled (group 3). The dose and intensity of
doxorubicin were similar in all groups. Disease-free survival (DFS) and
overall survival were determined using life-table estimates. RESULTS: There
was no significant difference in DFS (P = .30) or overall survival (P =
.95) among the groups through 5 years. At 5 years, the DFS of women in
group 1 was similar to that of women in group 2 (62% v 60%, respectively; P
= .43) and to that of women in group 3 (62% v 64%, respectively; P = .59).
The 5-year survival of women in group 1 was similar to that of women in
group 2 (78% v 77%, respectively; P = .86) and to that of women in group 3
(78% v 77%, respectively; P = .82). Grade 4 toxicity increased in groups 2
and 3. Failure to note a difference in outcome among the groups was
unrelated to either differences in amount and intensity of cyclophosphamide
or to dose delays and intervals between courses of therapy. CONCLUSION:
Intensifying or intensifying and increasing the total dose of
cyclophosphamide failed to significantly improve either DFS or overall
survival in any group. It was concluded that, outside of a clinical trial,
dose-intensification of cyclophosphamide in an AC combination represents
inappropriate therapy for women with primary breast cancer.
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