Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 15, 2826-2831, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Evaluation of tyrosinase mRNA as a tumor marker in the blood of melanoma patients
FA Jung, AC Buzaid, MI Ross, KV Woods, JJ Lee, M Albitar and EA Grimm
Department of Tumor Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
PURPOSE: The value of tyrosinase messenger RNA (mRNA) detection in the
peripheral blood by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-
PCR) as a melanoma marker remains controversial. The purpose of this study
was to compare the sensitivities of two different blood processing
techniques for tyrosinase mRNA detection and evaluate its potential
clinical value. METHODS: A total of 50 patients with progressive stage IV
melanoma was studied. Two blood processing methods were used: RNA
extraction from the whole blood and RNA extraction from density
gradient-isolated peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The RNA
samples were tested with a sensitive nested-primer RT-PCR assay. RT-PCR
results were also correlated with serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),
treatment status, and presence of visceral versus nonvisceral metastases.
RESULTS: Thirteen (26%) of the density gradient and five (10%) of the whole
blood processed samples were PCR positive (P = .011). Serum LDH levels were
found to be significantly higher in PCR-positive PBMC-processed patients (P
= .015). There was no significant difference in the detection rates between
visceral versus nonvisceral metastases or between prior treatment versus no
prior treatment. CONCLUSION: Using a density gradient method to process the
blood samples resulted in a higher detection rate of tyrosinase mRNA than
extracting the RNA from the whole blood. However, the relatively low
sensitivity in patients with disseminated and progressive disease compared
with other reports suggests that tyrosinase mRNA may be of limited value in
the management of malignant melanoma.
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