Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 16, 13-18, Copyright © 1998 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
High-dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody-purged autologous bone marrow transplantation in mantle-cell lymphoma: no evidence for long-term remission
AS Freedman, D Neuberg, JG Gribben, P Mauch, RJ Soiffer, DC Fisher, KC Anderson, N Andersen, R Schlossman, M Kroon, J Ritz, J Aster and LM Nadler
Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. arney-freedman@dfci.harvard.edu
PURPOSE: The role for high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell
transplantation in mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is unknown. We
retrospectively analyzed patients with chemosensitive disease who underwent
high-dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody-purged
autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for MCL in first remission,
as well as following relapse from conventional therapy. PATIENTS AND
METHODS: Between August 1985 and April 1996, 28 patients underwent ABMT
using a uniform ablative regimen with cyclophosphamide and total-body
irradiation (TBI) and a bone marrow- purging regimen. Re-review of original
tissue demonstrated that all patients had morphologic, phenotypic, and
genotypic characteristics of MCL. MCL was the original diagnosis in 21
patients, whereas seven patients had a prior diagnosis of diffuse small
cleaved-cell lymphoma. RESULTS: Twenty patients received multiple regimens
before ABMT, while eight underwent ABMT in first complete remission
(CR)/partial remission (PR) following CHOP induction. At bone marrow
harvest, only 18% of patients were in CR and overt BM infiltration was
present in 57%. Following cyclophosphamide/TBI, no treatment-related deaths
were seen. Nineteen of 28 patients have relapsed at a median time of 21
months (range, 3 to 70). Of eight patients transplanted in first CR/PR,
five have relapsed. Nine patients are in continuous CR with a median
follow- up time of 24 months (range, 10 to 135). Disease-free survival
(DFS) and overall survival (OS) are estimated to be 31% and 62% at 4 years,
respectively. CONCLUSION: ABMT using cyclophosphamide/TBI conditioning may
at best be effective in only a small fraction of patients with relapsed
MCL. The lack of plateau with a median follow-up time of 24 months suggests
cure may not be achievable. The role of this therapy in patients in first
remission requires more study using better induction therapy to enhance the
CR rate before ABMT.
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