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Originally published as JCO Early Release 10.1200/JCO.2004.05.113 on December 2 2003

Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 22, No 2 (January 15), 2004: pp. 229-237
© 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology.
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FOLFIRI Followed by FOLFOX6 or the Reverse Sequence in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized GERCOR Study

Christophe Tournigand, Thierry André, Emmanuel Achille, Gérard Lledo, Michel Flesh, Dominique Mery-Mignard, Emmanuel Quinaux, Corinne Couteau, Marc Buyse, Gérard Ganem, Bruno Landi, Philippe Colin, Christophe Louvet, Aimery de Gramont

From the GERCOR; Hôpital Saint-Antoine; Hôpital Tenon; Hôpital Georges Pompidou; Aventis; International Drug Development Institute, Paris; Clinique de l'Orangerie, Strasbourg; Clinique Saint-Jean, Lyon; Clinique Drevon, Dijon; Centre Jean Bernard, Le Mans; Clinique Courlancy, Reims, France; International Drug Development Institute, Brussels, Belgium

Address reprint requests to A. de Gramont, MD, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris, Cedex 12, France; e-mail: aimery.de-gramont{at}sat.ap-hop-paris.fr.

PURPOSE: In metastatic colorectal cancer, phase III studies have demonstrated the superiority of fluorouracil (FU) with leucovorin (LV) in combination with irinotecan or oxaliplatin over FU + LV alone. This phase III study investigated two sequences: folinic acid, FU, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) followed by folinic acid, FU, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX6; arm A), and FOLFOX6 followed by FOLFIRI (arm B).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Previously untreated patients with assessable disease were randomly assigned to receive a 2-hour infusion of l-LV 200 mg/m2 or dl-LV 400 mg/m2 followed by a FU bolus 400 mg/m2 and 46-hour infusion 2,400 to 3,000 mg/m2 every 46 hours every 2 weeks, either with irinotecan 180 mg/m2 or with oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 as a 2-hour infusion on day 1. At progression, irinotecan was replaced by oxaliplatin (arm A), or oxaliplatin by irinotecan (arm B).

RESULTS: Median survival was 21.5 months in 109 patients allocated to FOLFIRI then FOLFOX6 versus 20.6 months in 111 patients allocated to FOLFOX6 then FOLFIRI (P = .99). Median second progression-free survival (PFS) was 14.2 months in arm A versus 10.9 in arm B (P = .64). In first-line therapy, FOLFIRI achieved 56% response rate (RR) and 8.5 months median PFS, versus FOLFOX6 which achieved 54% RR and 8.0 months median PFS (P = .26). Second-line FOLFIRI achieved 4% RR and 2.5 months median PFS, versus FOLFOX6 which achieved 15% RR and 4.2 months PFS. In first-line therapy, National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria grade 3/4 mucositis, nausea/vomiting, and grade 2 alopecia were more frequent with FOLFIRI, and grade 3/4 neutropenia and neurosensory toxicity were more frequent with FOLFOX6.

CONCLUSION: Both sequences achieved a prolonged survival and similar efficacy. The toxicity profiles were different.

Sponsored by Aventis, Paris, France.

Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest are found at the end of this article.


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C. S. R. Nahas, T. Akhurst, H. Yeung, E. Riedel, A. J. Markowitz, B. D. Minsky, P. B. Paty, M. R. Weiser, L. K. Temple, W. D. Wong, et al.
Positron Emission Tomography Detection of Distant Metastatic or Synchronous Disease in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Receiving Preoperative Chemoradiation
Ann. Surg. Oncol., March 1, 2008; 15(3): 704 - 711.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Surg. Oncol.Home page
V. Boige, D. Malka, D. Elias, M. Castaing, T. De Baere, D. Goere, C. Dromain, M. Pocard, and M. Ducreux
Hepatic Arterial Infusion of Oxaliplatin and Intravenous LV5FU2 in Unresectable Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer after Systemic Chemotherapy Failure
Ann. Surg. Oncol., January 1, 2008; 15(1): 219 - 226.
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 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
G. Folprecht, J. Tabernero, C.-H. Kohne, C. Zacharchuk, L. Paz-Ares, F. Rojo, S. Quinn, E. Casado, R. Salazar, R. Abbas, et al.
Phase I Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Study of EKB-569, an Irreversible Inhibitor of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, in Combination with Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin (FOLFIRI) in First-Line Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2008; 14(1): 215 - 223.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am Soc Clin Oncol Ed BookHome page
E. J. Wasserman and A. R. Tan
Evolving Strategies for the Treatment of "Triple-Negative" Breast Cancer
ASCO Educational Book, January 1, 2008; 2008(1): 120 - 126.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 The OncologistHome page
T. M. Pawlik, R. D. Schulick, and M. A. Choti
Expanding Criteria for Resectability of Colorectal Liver Metastases
Oncologist, January 1, 2008; 13(1): 51 - 64.
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 Jpn J Clin OncolHome page
Y. Inaba, H. Yamaura, Y. Sato, M. Najima, H. Shimamoto, H. Nishiofuku, T. Ura, and K. Muro
Central Venous Access Port-related Complications in Outpatient Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., December 4, 2007; (2007) hym118v1.
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 Ann. Surg. Oncol.Home page
S. Varghese, M. Burness, H. Xu, T. Beresnev, J. Pingpank, and H. R. Alexander
Site-Specific Gene Expression Profiles and Novel Molecular Prognostic Factors in Patients with Lower Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinoma Diffusely Metastatic to Liver or Peritoneum
Ann. Surg. Oncol., December 1, 2007; 14(12): 3460 - 3471.
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 Ann OncolHome page
R. S. Midgley, D. J. Kerr, K. T. Flaherty, J. P. Stevenson, S. E. Pratap, K. M. Koch, D. A. Smith, M. Versola, R. A. Fleming, C. Ward, et al.
A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of lapatinib in combination with infusional 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan
Ann. Onc., December 1, 2007; 18(12): 2025 - 2029.
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 Ann OncolHome page
D. J. Gallagher, M. Capanu, G. Raggio, and N. Kemeny
Hepatic arterial infusion plus systemic irinotecan in patients with unresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer previously treated with systemic oxaliplatin: a retrospective analysis
Ann. Onc., December 1, 2007; 18(12): 1995 - 1999.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JCOHome page
M. Buyse, T. Burzykowski, K. Carroll, S. Michiels, D. J. Sargent, L. L. Miller, G. L. Elfring, J.-P. Pignon, and P. Piedbois
Progression-Free Survival Is a Surrogate for Survival in Advanced Colorectal Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol., November 20, 2007; 25(33): 5218 - 5224.
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 JCOHome page
J. Tabernero, E. Van Cutsem, E. Diaz-Rubio, A. Cervantes, Y. Humblet, T. Andre, J.-L. Van Laethem, P. Soulie, E. Casado, C. Verslype, et al.
Phase II Trial of Cetuximab in Combination With Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin in the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol., November 20, 2007; 25(33): 5225 - 5232.
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 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
A. Grothey
Biological Therapy and Other Novel Therapies in Early-Stage Disease: Are They Appropriate?
Clin. Cancer Res., November 15, 2007; 13(22): 6909s - 6912s.
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 JCOHome page
C. S. Fuchs, J. Marshall, E. Mitchell, R. Wierzbicki, V. Ganju, M. Jeffery, J. Schulz, D. Richards, R. Soufi-Mahjoubi, B. Wang, et al.
Randomized, Controlled Trial of Irinotecan Plus Infusional, Bolus, or Oral Fluoropyrimidines in First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results From the BICC-C Study
J. Clin. Oncol., October 20, 2007; 25(30): 4779 - 4786.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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R. Adam, T. Aloia, F. Levi, D. A. Wicherts, R. J. de Haas, B. Paule, M.-P. Bralet, M. Bouchahda, D. Machover, M. Ducreux, et al.
Hepatic Resection After Rescue Cetuximab Treatment for Colorectal Liver Metastases Previously Refractory to Conventional Systemic Therapy
J. Clin. Oncol., October 10, 2007; 25(29): 4593 - 4602.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JCOHome page
P. A. Tang, S. M. Bentzen, E. X. Chen, and L. L. Siu
Surrogate End Points for Median Overall Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Literature-Based Analysis From 39 Randomized Controlled Trials of First-Line Chemotherapy
J. Clin. Oncol., October 10, 2007; 25(29): 4562 - 4568.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Surg. Oncol.Home page
T. W. Bauer, F. Fan, W. Liu, E. R. Camp, A. Yang, R. J. Somcio, C. D. Bucana, R. Singh, and L. M. Ellis
Targeting of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor with a Monoclonal Antibody Inhibits Growth of Hepatic Metastases from Human Colon Carcinoma in Mice
Ann. Surg. Oncol., October 1, 2007; 14(10): 2838 - 2846.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann OncolHome page
H. Sorbye, C.-H. Kohne, D. J. Sargent, and B. Glimelius
Patient characteristics and stratification in medical treatment studies for metastatic colorectal cancer: A proposal for standardization of patient characteristic reporting and stratification
Ann. Onc., October 1, 2007; 18(10): 1666 - 1672.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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R. Porschen, H.-T. Arkenau, S. Kubicka, R. Greil, T. Seufferlein, W. Freier, A. Kretzschmar, U. Graeven, A. Grothey, A. Hinke, et al.
Phase III Study of Capecitabine Plus Oxaliplatin Compared With Fluorouracil and Leucovorin Plus Oxaliplatin in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Final Report of the AIO Colorectal Study Group
J. Clin. Oncol., September 20, 2007; 25(27): 4217 - 4223.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Jpn J Clin OncolHome page
T. Yoshino, N. Boku, Y. Onozawa, S. Hironaka, A. Fukutomi, Y. Yamaguchi, N. Hasuike, K. Yamazaki, N. Machida, and H. Ono
Efficacy and Safety of an Irinotecan plus Bolus 5-Fluorouracil and L-Leucovorin Regimen for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Japanese Patients: Experience in a Single Institution in Japan
Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., September 1, 2007; 37(9): 686 - 691.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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T. Andre, E. Quinaux, C. Louvet, P. Colin, E. Gamelin, O. Bouche, E. Achille, P. Piedbois, N. Tubiana-Mathieu, A. Boutan-Laroze, et al.
Phase III Study Comparing a Semimonthly With a Monthly Regimen of Fluorouracil and Leucovorin As Adjuvant Treatment for Stage II and III Colon Cancer Patients: Final Results of GERCOR C96.1
J. Clin. Oncol., August 20, 2007; 25(24): 3732 - 3738.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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N. J. Meropol
A Renewed Call for Equipoise
J. Clin. Oncol., August 10, 2007; 25(23): 3392 - 3394.
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G. K. Dy, J. E. Krook, E. M. Green, D. J. Sargent, T. Delaunoit, R. F. Morton, C. S. Fuchs, R. K. Ramanathan, S. K. Williamson, B. P. Findlay, et al.
Impact of Complete Response to Chemotherapy on Overall Survival in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Results From Intergroup N9741
J. Clin. Oncol., August 10, 2007; 25(23): 3469 - 3474.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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A. de Gramont, M. Buyse, J. C. Abrahantes, T. Burzykowski, E. Quinaux, A. Cervantes, A. Figer, G. Lledo, M. Flesch, L. Mineur, et al.
Reintroduction of Oxaliplatin Is Associated With Improved Survival in Advanced Colorectal Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2007; 25(22): 3224 - 3229.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Br. J. Radiol.Home page
P Sanghera, K Ho, T Muscroft, and A Hartley
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy enables R0 resection of locally advanced rectal cancer in a patient with a previously irradiated pelvis
Br. J. Radiol., August 1, 2007; 80(956): e170 - e172.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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